تقنيات صناعة الخيوط المعدنية وترکيبها المورفولوجي

نوع المستند : المقالة الأصلية

المؤلفون

1 رئيس قسم ترميم متحف سوهاج القومي - وزارة السياحة و الآثار

2 أستاذ ترميم الآثار وعميد کلية الآثار - جامعة الأقصر

3 أستاذ ترميم الآثار بکلية الآثار بسوهاج - جامعة سوهاج

المستخلص

لعبت المنسوجات دوراً ثرياً منذ عصور ما قبل التاريخ في حياة وتقاليد الناس في کل الثقافات، حيث يتم تصميم وتصنيع المنسوجات باستخدام مواد وأساليب متنوعة من الألياف الطبيعية([1]), ويظهر ذلک من خلال استخدام خيوط الکتان والصوف والحرير والقطن, واستخدام الذهب والفضة لصناعة الخيوط المعدنية([2]). و يعتبر النسيج احد أقدم الحرف, والمنسوجات الدقيقة والمعقدة کان يتم إنتاجها في أوقات مبکرة([3]). ولقد عرفت صناعة النسيج وتطورت بمضي الزمن([4]). فالمنسوجات ضرورية في الحياه اليومية في جميع المجتمعات. ففي المقام الأول, خدمت أغراض وظيفية من خلال توفير الحماية والدفء ولکن في کثير من الحالات امتد استخدامها لأبعد من هذه الاحتياجات العملية. والقماش يمکن أن يأخذ العديد من الأشکال ويمکن تزينه بطرق مختلفة من خلال نمط النسيج والتطريز والرسم أو الصباغة. وقد استخدمت هذه الاختلافات الزخرفية لزيادة قيمة المنسوج . حيث يتم ارتدائه أو عرضه, ومازالت تستخدم هذه الاختلافات الزخرفية للإشارة إلي التصنيف والمکانة, وتدل علي الثروة والمکانة الاجتماعية من خلال شکل الثياب والمفروشات, فالقماش يمکن الناس من تمييز الأخريين, وتحديد أنفسهم داخل مجتمعهم. وفي هذا السياق استخدمت المعادن الثمينة أيضاً مع الألياف من أجل إنتاج أقمشة فاخرة للنخب السياسية والدينية([5]). وهناک ثلاثة عوامل رئيسية تشکل المنسوجات: المواد, والترکيب, والتصميم (النمط)([6]).



([1]) Abdel – Kareem, O. and , Alfaisal, R., "Treatment Conservation and Restoration of The Bedouin Dyed Textiles in the Museum of Jordanian Heritage", Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2010, pp. 26.


([2]) کامل, ع., "مدخل إلى تکنولوجيا النسيج والتابسترى", دار المعارف , الطبعة الثانية, 1992, ص.7.


)[3]( Ginsburg, M., "the Illustrated History of Textiles", London, 1991, p.13.


([4]) کامل, ع., "تکنولوجيا النسيج", الجزء الثاني, آلات النسيج, دار المعارف, 1980, ص.7.


([5]) Karatzani A. “Metal threads: the historical development”, in Textiles and Dress in Greece and the Roman East: a Technological and Social Approach, Tzachili, I & Zimi El (eds), Ta pragmata Publications, Athens, 2012, P.55.


([6]) Cybulska, M., "Understanding Textiles from Artist to Spectator", Fibers & Textiles in Eastem Europe, Vol.23, 3(111), 2015, P.133.

الموضوعات الرئيسية


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